Ahan Pouya - Sale and export of ironware

Silver : 

Silver is a chemical element with the symbol Ag and atomic number 47. silver is a soft , white , shiny metal with the highest electrical conductivity - thermal conductivity and metal reflectance . It is found in the earth's crust as a pure, free element, alloyed with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorite. Silver is made as a byproduct of the refining of copper , gold , lead and zinc .

This metal has long been considered a precious metal And in many coins it is sometimes used alongside gold. 

Though it is more abundant in the market than in gold But as a native metal it has less abundance than gold. This substance has played a lasting role as one of the seven ancient metals in most human cultures.

Applications of silver metal : 

The metal is used professionally in solar panels, water purifiers, jewelry, jewelry, silverware, electrical fittings and conductors. 

The metal is used in mirrors, window coverings, in the analysis of chemical reactions, and in the composition of photographic and X-ray films. 

Dilute solutions of silver nitrate and other compounds of this metal are used as disinfectants and microbiocides They are added to bandages and dressings, catheters and other medical instruments. 

Today, the metal is used for solder and solder alloys, batteries, dentistry, LED chips, nuclear reactors, photovoltaic (or solar) energy, RFID chips to track packages or shipments worldwide, semiconductors, plates Touch displays, wood preservatives and many other industrial applications are used.

The largest consumers of silver for industrial applications in the last decade have been the United States, Canada, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Germany and Russia. During this period, the demand for this metal from the old industries decreased and it is mostly used in new technologies.

Chemical properties of silver metal : 

The metal is physically and chemically similar to its two vertical neighbors in Group 11 of the Periodic Table, namely copper and gold. Group 11 is one of the few groups in block d that has a complete set of electronic configurations. 

Silver is a very soft, flexible and malleable transition metal However, its malleability is less than gold. The metal crystallizes in the form of a cube-like lattice, and the metal alloys in silver are covalent and relatively weak. 

This metal has a bright white metallic luster , and is so determined that the metal " s name has turned into a color .

Unlike copper and gold, the energy required to excite an electron from the filled d-band to the sp-band is large enough in silver (about 385 kJ / mol) that it no longer matches the absorption in the visible region of the spectrum, hence silver is metallic. It is not colored. 

This element has a higher light reflectance than aluminum at all wavelengths greater than 450 nm . At wavelengths shorter than 450 nm, the reflection of silver is lower than that of aluminum, reaching zero at about 310 nm. 

it is interesting to know : 

Very high electrical and thermal conductivity is common for Group 11 elements but the electrical conductivity of silver is greater than all metals , and even copper however , it cannot be used because of the higher cost .

An exception in radio frequency engineering is particularly higher in VHF and frequencies That silver plating causes electrical conductivity Because these currents tend to flow more than the conductor surface than its internal parts. 

pure silver has the highest thermal conductivity relative to other metals . it also has the highest contact resistance against any other metal And easily forms alloys with copper, gold as well as zinc. 

Note :

The metal does not react with air even at red temperatures Therefore, they were considered by the alchemists as a noble metal along with gold.

The reactivity of this metal is something between copper (which forms copper oxide (I) when heated in air to red heat) and gold. Like copper , it reacts with sulfur and its compounds .

Uses of silver metal in various industries : 

1.Silver jewelry and accessories : 

The main application of this metal is in addition to the coins during the date of the construction of jewellery and other items with general use .That this issue continues. its samples include silver dishes Which is very suitable due to its antibacterial properties Because pure silver is so soft, it alloys more with copper. 

2.use in medicine : 

In medicine, this metal is incorporated into wound dressings And is used as an antibiotic coating in medical devices. Wound dressings containing sulfadiazine or silver nanomaterials are used to treat external infections. Silver ion is biologically active and in sufficient concentration easily kills bacteria in vitro.

These ions interfere with the enzymes that produce nutrients and the formation of cell walls and also bind to the genetic material of bacteria. Silver nanoparticles are used as antimicrobials in a variety of industrial, hygienic and domestic applications.

3.Application in electronics : 

This metal is very important in electronics for conductors and electrodes because of its high electrical conductivity even when stained. Heavy silver and silver foils are used to make vacuum tubes and today , they are still used in semiconductor devices , circuits and components . Silver powder and its alloys are used in the preparation of pastes for conductive layers and electrodes, ceramic capacitors and other ceramic components. 

4.Use in solder alloys : 

Silver solder is used for metals such as cobalt, nickel and copper and steel based alloys. The main components of these solder alloys are silver and copper, and other elements are selected according to the specific application, which includes zinc, tin, cadmium, palladium, manganese and phosphorus. This metal increases efficiency and corrosion resistance during use.

5.use in chemical equipment : 

this metal is useful because of its low permeability and high thermal conductivity and easy efficiency in making chemical equipment . These equipments for working at high temperatures are often silver plated. Silver and its alloys with gold are used as seals, wires or rings for oxygen compressors and vacuum equipment. 

6.Use as a catalyst : 

This metal is a suitable catalyst for the oxidation reaction . Powdered silver leads to the complete oxidation of organic matter to carbon dioxide and water, and therefore coarse silver is used instead. Dehydrogenation of methanol to formaldehyde at 600-720 ° C is performed using silver gas or its crystals as a catalyst.