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Zinc is the twenty fourth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust which has five stable isotopes . 

What is zinc 

Zinc is a chemical element and shown in the periodic table by Zn and is in group 12 . Capacity of zinc is 2 and the atomic number is 30 . It has a fragile , silvery look at room temperature . This metal is particularly soft and bluish-colored , which becomes dark by dampness . Zinc is ranked  in the 4th place  after iron and copper and aluminum . 

Zinc has abundant industrial and biological applications and has been used from centuries ago . Zinc has its own alloys including brass , steel and galvanize . 
Zinc has lots of similarities to that of magnesium . Both has an oxidation number of +2 and size of the ions of these two elements is the same . 

Zinc is the twenty fourth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust which has five stable isotopes . The frequency of this metal varies depending on location and season . 
Zinc is not naturally occurring on the earth and is usually found in minerals along with other basic metals copper sheets and lead . 

Brass is one of the most important alloys which is made from zinc . 
The use of this element in the diet is also recommended because its lack will cause problems, especially in children’s growth and maturation . Moreover , many of the enzymes in biochemistry also have an active center of an atom with zinc . 

Already , nearly 60 different types of zinc minerals have been identified . 

What is history of zinc 

Zinc alloys have been used from centuries ago. Brass goods dating back to 1000-1400 years ago have been found in Palestine . Due to the low boiling point and chemical reactions of this metal , the actual properties of this metal were not known in ancient times . 

Brass making was attributed to Romans and dates back to 30 BC. They heated calamine and copper in their furnaces that zinc .They heat calamine and copper in their furnaces and thus the zinc alloys was result . The brass shaped by a hammer or cast in the formats . 
Zinc was purified and mined in China and India in 1000 BC. The discovery of the metal zinc in the west was carried out in 1746 by Andreas Marggarf . 

Biological importance 

Zinc is one of the most biologically important elements for plants and animals . This metal is responsible for important functions in the human body . It helps to stimulate the activity of 100 enzymes and to build new cells and enzymes , processing carbohydrates , proteins and fats , and helping to repair wounds . 
The daily consumption of zinc is essential for maintaining the health of the body . 
Lack of zinc in leaves and plants causing them not to grow up and shortening the distance between the nodes . 

Physical properties

Zinc is a blue-white bright metal that is diamagnetic . This element has lower density than iron and has a crystal hexagonal structure . In most cases , zinc , has a hard and fragile state but at a temperature between 100 - 150°C it again becomes fragile . It is also a good conductor for electricity .

The melting point of the metal is 419 and 907 degrees , which are low degrees for a metal . Apart from mercury and cadmium , the melting point is lower than any other elements of the block d of the periodic table . Many elements like aluminum , gold , iron , lead , mercury , silver , magnesium and etc. make alloys with zinc . It is interesting to know that when you bend a piece of zinc , it sounds good . 

Chemical properties 

It has relatively high reactivity and easily reacts with acids and bases and as well  as it is a strong producer . 
As a result of burning , there is a greenish flame with toxic vapours from zinc oxide . In reaction with strong acids such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid , its protective layer is destroyed and the continuation of the reaction with water releases hydrogen gas . 

Zinc in earth 

The concentration of the metal on the earth’s crust is about 75 ppm . The concentration of this element in the soil is between 5 to 770 ppm . Zinc is commonly found along with other basic metals such as copper and lead . The sources on the ground are estimated at about 1.9 billion tons , which are enormous sources of it in Australia , Canada , the United States and Iran . 

Zinc properties 

Some of the properties of zinc are mentioned below :

-    It gets dark because of the dampness . 
-    It reacts slowly like other metals . 
-    Its normal oxidation if this element is +2 . 
-    It has good shaping and electrochemical state . 
-    It has good resistance against erosion . 
-    Flexibility is about 212 to 302° F . 

Applictions

Zinc is used for plating metals in order to prevent erosion . Zinc is used in automobile industry as well as pipe production industry and used in batteries . 
It has been observed that zinc concentration is so high in human skin and eyes . Zinc consumption is important in surgeries and accelerates the recovery of the wounds . Generally the amount of zinc in the body of patients with burns is low and by giving them extra zinc , the healing process can be accelerated . 

●  Zinc has other medical applications though . Zinc Supplemental tablets could have these benefits : 

-    To prevent cancer 
-    Prevention and cure of hair loss 
-    Strengthening the immune system 
-    Accelerating the wound healing process 
-    Treatment for acne 
-    The empowerment and improvement of male infertility especially among smokers  
-    Improving the senses of  taste and smell 
-    Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis 
-    Improving the kidney and diabetic patients