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According to the progress of technology in the new era , we have witnessed a change in processes that also facilitate the manufacturing process and production process , hence the building industry has improved too .
Plate girders are new generation of girders that in which the girders and welding combines and the result will be plate girders which have more strength and are used in different designs .
Girders been made by casting entirely but plate girders are made up by welding . Plate girders has three main parts including an I-beams which is made up of stainless steel & horizontal flanges of the beam . I-beams are being welded and form vertical web . Then the horizontal flanges being attached to them .
Plate girders are widely used in bridge construction and by determination of thickness , flanges and stiffeners and other factors and designs , the materials chosen .
Other two factors that impresses when plate girders are developing are 1. use of materials and
2. strength of materials .
Plate girders are used where deeper sections and higher and stiffness and strength for carrying heavy loads is needed . One limitation exists .
This is when we have to use build-up sections that carry large bending moments and shear forces .
The price of plate girders will follow the price of girders due to the production of steel sheets .
The prices of plate girders in the buildings below 7-8 history buildings is very high and there are limits in the use of plate girders that are more expensive compared to girders but in tower construction the only options are plate girders as the cost is less than the girders .
Girders cannot be used for tower construction .
It will be economical to build these products in accordance with the principles and standards as well as exploiting the high and optimal resistance of the product in terms of economy .
It is necessary to use special machines to move the plate girders if the length of the plate girders is more than 12 meters long , which makes it hard to transport the plate girders and increase the final cost .
As you probably understood the construction of girders and plate girders are similar .
As we can say that plate girders are a kind of girders that one web plate and two flanges plate being attached to .
Plate girders have good flexural strength and if we need to have more resistance against bending and shearing , it is sufficient to achieve it by increasing the distances between flanges and web plates .
Web plates which are one of the most important parts of plate girders are made up of thin plates and used to increase the strength of plate girders against horizontal and vertical stiffeners .
When there was no welding technology , plate girders been attached by riveting but today when we compare the riveted plate girders with welded plate girders , it would be so clear that welded plate girders are much more light and more beautiful .
For the first time plate girders used in U.S.A in 1964 in which a bridge has made up with .
As we explained the plate girders , we now turn to the pieces of plate girders .
Plate girders are made of 3 main parts :
1. web plates
2. Flanges plates
3. Stiffeners
Web plates are the components which separates the flanges . It has high strength against shear strength . Web plate sheets slip from 8 mm to higher and the width of web plates depends on the type and the amount of loading .
Flange plates are horizontal elements of cards that are separated from the top and down by the web .
The main aim of flange plates is to resist the bending force that is on the plate girders . The top flange resist the pull force and down flange against the stretching force . They should have a proper width and thickness to withstand the bending moment .
Stiffeners , web plates and flanges create plate girders if attached properly by welding or riveting or screws .
Stiffeners are supportive sheets which are highly applicable to the joints .
We do use stiffeners if the normal sheets do not work correctly .
Stiffeners are classified into two types :
1. Vertical Stiffeners
2. Horizontal Stiffeners
Vertical Stiffeners are attached to the right side of flange . Vertical stiffeners are called cross stiffeners too . These are categorized into ending stiffeners and middle stiffeners themselves .
Horizontal stiffeners are designed parallel with flanges and called linear stiffeners too . Horizontal stiffeners designed into continuous and discontinuous shapes .
Main beams in industrial salons
1. In Road bridges
2. In railways
3. In Niche construction
4. In Steel constructions
Plate girders can be designed and executed as simple 2 ends , overall and on several simple supports as well as a part of steel bending frame .
The sections of the plate girders are usually designed and implemented in overall beams as well as industrial frames in order to optimize its cargo against the bending anchors .
“I Plate girders” are economically suitable for beams with openings between 20 – 50meters height .
Designers prefer static cable systems and suspended cable system for large craters on bridges .
Sections of plate girders can be designed and executed in boxes , cases and including more flanges ( with one web plate ) .
Since the plate girders are usually made of thin steel sheets , it is important to pay attention to the criterion of stability and the types of bucklings that may occur locally and in general .
Generally , bending of plate girders and determining the cross - section of the beams is based on flexural stresses and then it has to be taken with appropriate measures to prevent and control the various phenomena of instability .
In this article we talked about what is plate girder and how it is made . The main properties and different components discussed in details .
Plate girders are steel sheets that has three components ( web plates , Flanges plates , Stiffeners ) .
The current form of them been welded and used in bridge & niche construction .
The price of plate girders follows the price of girders . Special machines are used to move plate girders with more than 12 meters long .
Ahan Pouya with more than a decade of best-selling experience, adheres to professional and ethical principles in the field of selling and buying at inside and outside the borders of Iran, helping you in the steel industry.
