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Beam and block roofs have good fire resistance And their insulation is also significant to keep the building safe from the cold or hot air. Unlike quick and easy installation, these roofs are not without problems due to their high weight, inefficient efficiency against earthquakes and lack of proper quality control during execution.
Therefore, due to the disadvantages of beam and block roofs and the growing need for earthquake-resistant structures, attention to the building and housing and the use of new roofing systems to increase the speed of construction, lightening and making buildings resistant to Earthquake is important and necessary. on the other hand , in order to decrease weight , reduce construction time and cost of implementation , new methods and new building systems are necessary.
1.site plan
2.construction cost
3.roofs load
4.Desired lateral resistance
5.sound transmission rate
6.the intended thickness for the ceiling
7.lower roof view
8.Fire resistance
9.roof position
10.how to install facility systems
11.How to make flooring
12.The finished weight of the roofs and thus the weight of the building
13.building use
The main load-bearing parts of one large multi-storey building consist of beams, columns, roofs and foundations. The main task of the ceilings is to add the transfer of the living and dead loads to the beams . This load is transferred to the beams after being transferred from the columns to the foundation of the building. Finally enters the ground..
The method is somewhat similar to the method of building and block construction . Prefabricated concrete beams are used with concrete or clay blocks And the blocks remain inside the roof for the entire life of the structure. These blocks are placed between the narrow strips that form the beams after concreting.
This type of roof uses fiberglass, polypropylene or steel cube molds. These templates are within the framework of the free mode And at their distances, tension bars are placed . The molds used were very light and strong and the ability to withstand the loads during construction .
Prefabricated parts, including beams, columns and wall panels used in the construction industry, are manufactured in the factory ، Then they are transferred to the workshop to install. concrete - made structures are usually better than concrete structures that can be performed in situ . Production and manufacture of prefabricated parts is done using special machines from the ground to pour concrete. installation and erection of pre - built buildings are more rapid and easier than the types of in - situ concrete systems . No need to use molding when installing prefabricated parts. Another advantage of using prefabricated concrete parts is the easy placement and connection of these parts to each other. however , using these precast concrete segments has advantages .however , handling large - scale parts of the plant is associated with difficulty in locating and requiring cranes to lift and install . Usually, these prefabricated concrete products are produced in the factory with good quality due to proper quality control.
A) Prefabricated hollow or hollow slabs are used for roofing to cover small openings. Thin-walled slabs are used however , it is necessary to use the precast concrete segments with more depth . While prefabricated ball parts are not a good option for covering large openings ، because it causes a lot of weight to move to the structure . To cover medium openings, hollow prefabricated parts are suitable . because holes in the hole and empty space would reduce the load . Also , the use of these hollow or hollow slabs in roofing creates a smooth surface under the roof.
B) Prefabricated roof using T-shaped sections when covering a larger opening by the roof is considered , Deeper prefabricated components such as single T-beams or double T-beams are used. in these sections , the weight of parts is somewhat reduced by removing large amounts of concrete .
1.Use of composite slabs including shallow metal decks and in-situ concrete
2.The use of concrete - spot concrete and deep metal decks on the roof .
(Today, both types of roofs are used to cover roofs with openings of up to 10 meters)
The method of using short beams and load-bearing beams is one of the roofing methods that can be used to reduce the thickness of the roof and the height of the building. in this way , pipes and channels are passed through the roof .There must be holes in the concrete cover for the passage of the tubes . The most important advantages of this method are the possibility of passing pipes and channels through the space between concrete slabs, beams, joists and main beams.
1.Reduction of steel consumption in main steel beams due to increase in cross section
2.Reduce the amount of steel consumed in the beams due to the possibility of creating continuity and execution of multi-span beams
3.25 % reduction of consumption of steel in the roof system and a 15 % drop in cost.
Space trusses include a large number of truss members. In three-dimensional mode, they create a roofing system with a high degree of uncertainty. The system uses modular components and regularly in space to cover large openings in two directions.
This roof model can cover large openings without using columns close to each other. Includes pyramidal prefabricated parts and sheaths for prestressing cables. In this method, prefabricated parts are placed on temporary wooden or steel scaffolding and the embedded places between the prefabricated units are filled with cement slurry and joints are established between them. The concrete beams are then applied in two directions on the caps of the prefabricated parts. Then, after the concrete reaches the required compressive strength in the current, the prestressed cables are passed through the sheaths of the parts in both directions perpendicular to each other and are tightened in place.
Ahan Pouya with more than a decade of best-selling experience, adheres to professional and ethical principles in the field of selling and buying at inside and outside the borders of Iran, helping you in the steel industry.
