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Palladium is a chemical element which is shown by Pd in the periodic table with the atomic number of 46 . Palladium is one of the rare and bright metals found in silver and white colors . Its name comes from Pallas asteroid , a Greek Goddess .
Palladium is one of the metals of platinum group and has the lowest melting point and lowest density compared to other metals in the group . Platinum group includes ruthenium , iridium , osmium and palladium which they have the same chemical properties . This rare metal can be extracted mostly from copper and nickel ores .
Palladium can be categorized as one of the most valuable metals in the world . Most of palladium in the world is extracted from Russia and South Africa , in addition , recycling of products containing palladium specially catalyst converters , is one of the main sources to produce this metal .
Global production of palladium from mines was about 222 tons in 2006 , most of which were used to produce catalyst converters in automotive industry , which converts toxic gasses from exhausts to safe or low – risk compounds .
It is also used in electronics , medicines , ( such as blood sugar test tapes ) , dentistry , chemical industries , jewelry ( produce white gold ) and aerospace industry . It plays an important role in producing a type of fuel cells that combines hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity , water and heat .
Palladium is used as a valuable and expensive metal since 1393 , and is a suitable replacement for platinum in jewelry . Palladium is in the white gold group and its natural color is white . Palladium has lower density than platinum .
Palladium like gold , can be thin as a leaf , and unlike platinum at temperature above 400°c may change and break . One of the three metals that are popular as white gold is palladium , which is more expensive than nickel , and does not cause allergies as nickel .
In 1803 , English chemist William Hyde Wollaston discovered the metal . That happened when he was analyzing the platinum that came from South Africa . Although this element is rare , it is found mostly with gold , silver , platinum and copper . This material is obtained as a mineral product of other metallic materials .
This metal can be found both as a free metal and as an alloy with other metals of this group such as gold , platinum in Ural mountains of Australia , Ethiopia and North and South America .
However , the majority of palladium is derived from the nickel and copper mines in South Africa and Ontario in Canada , as the high volume of metals produced from these mines , saves the palladium receive .
It is interesting to know that Palladium does not get black in the vicinity of air . With its low density , this metal has the lowest melting point among the metal in the platinum group . Palladium combines with sulfur compounds and nitric acid , and slowly dissolves in in hydrochloric acid .
This metal does not combine with oxygen in at normal temperatures . Palladium has a very unusual nature of absorbing hydrogen to 900 times than its volume in suitable conditions ( temperature of 80 ° C and pressure of 1 atm ) . It seems likely that hydride pd2H forms palladium but its real chemical compound is not apparent . Ordinary forms of palladium oxidation are +2 +3 and +4 .
Recently , palladium compounds arose which has +6 oxidation element .
- palladium is used for making surgical instruments, watches , and electronic communications .
- Most palladium consumptions is for catalyst converters in the automobiles .
- It is also used in the dentistry and jewelry and chemistry .
- It is used to make white gold alloys .
- It is used in mobiles and tablets .
- Palladium is an excellent catalyst for hydrogen and dihydrogen reactions .
- Hydrogen easily releases using hot palladium and makes an excellent method to separate and purification of gases .
The prices of platinum and palladium have been increased by industrial requirements than jewelry . That is why their prices are almost equal . Investors view the prices of the two metals as unclear . Any increase in palladium rather than platinum , creates a new challenge for the platinum market and endangers the choice of platinum as a first choice in jewelry .
Platinum is used in wedding rings , while palladium is more commonly known for the use of male accessories for the wedding , because it is more cost- effective and lighter than platinum and does not need plating unlike platinum . Jewelers believe that if the prices of platinum and palladium are equal , the persistent demand for palladium will be lower . Platinum is still the preferred option because of weight , purity , and rarity , says Simon Johnson , chairman of the National jewelry Association .
It is more likely to reduce the demand for palladium if the prices of palladium stay immovable . Palladium is now competing with gold and platinum for the use of jewelry globally . Many consumers and jewelry buyers have not heard the name of palladium because of bad marketing , so it is hard for jewelers to convince them to pay for the metal they are not familiar with . However , palladium is used in jewelry and it is the art of vendors who can sell it at its high price .
Ahan Pouya with more than a decade of best-selling experience, adheres to professional and ethical principles in the field of selling and buying at inside and outside the borders of Iran, helping you in the steel industry.
